Design and Analysis of Centrally Suspended Cage-less Limited Slip Differential

Limited slip differential (LSD) plays an important role in maintaining speeds and in torque distribution between the wheels of the automobile even in case of variable traction. In the present project work, limited slip differential is considered and the objective of the project is to find out tangential, axial and radial forces involved in meshing of the differential gears theoretically. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is carried out on Final, Crown, Side and Ring gears made of 20MnCr5 material and running at a speed of 4000rpm and torque of 122N-m. From the analysis, it is found that the forces and stresses obtained are below the allowable stress of the material considered in designing gears of the differential. Maximum von-Mises stress is for Ring gear and Minimum for Side gears.

Effect of Pulsed Current Micro Plasma Arc parameters on weld bead geometry of AISI 316Ti Austenitic Stainless Steel

Micro Plasma Arc Welding (MPAW) is one of the important arc welding system normally using in sheet metal enterprise for production metal bellows, metallic diaphragms and so forth. Inside the present work Pulsed present day Micro Plasma Arc Welding is used for becoming a member of 0.three mm thick Austenitic stainless-steel sheets of AISI 316 Ti. peak contemporary, Base modern, Pulse rate and Pulse Width are taken into consideration as input parameters and weld bead geometry parameters namely front width, lower back width, front peak, lower back peak are taken into consideration as output responses. Response surface approach (RSM) with box-Benhken design is adopted and for 4 factors and three level, total 27 experiments are completed. Weld bead geometry parameters particularly front width, returned width, the front height and lower back top are measured the use of metallurgical microscope. Empirical mathematical models are evolved using statistical software. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is executed at ninety five% self belief degree. Predominant and interplay outcomes are studied. Scatter plots are attracted to apprehend the version of actual and predicted values of weld bead parameters

Advances in Plasma Arc Welding: A Review

The nature of welding in the aeronautical industry is characterized by low unit production, high unit cost, extreme reliability and severe service conditions. These characteristics point towards more expensive and more concentrated heat sources such as plasma arc, laser beam and electron beam welding as the processes of choice for welding of critical components. Among various precision welding processes, Plasma Arc welding has gained importance in small and medium scale industries manufacturing bellows , diaphragms etc because of less expensive and easy to operate. This paper reviews the works on Plasma Arc welding and associated phenomena such as Micro Plasma Arc Welding, Variable Polarity Plasma Arc welding and Keyhole Plasma Arc Welding. The review covers works carried out by various researchers on various metals using different modes of plasma arc

Effect of Pulse Current Micro Plasma Arc Welding Parameters on Pitting Corrosion Rate of AISI 321 Sheets in 3.5 N NaCl Medium

Austenitic stainless steel sheets are used for fabrication of components, which require high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance such as metal bellows used in expansion joints in aircraft, aerospace and petroleum industries. When they are exposed to sea water after welding they are subjected to corrosion as there are changes in properties of the base metal after welding. The corrosion rate depends on the chemical composition of the base metal and the nature of welding process adopted. Corrosion resistance of welded joints can be improved by controlling the process parameters of the welding process. In the present work Pulsed Current Micro Plasma Arc Welding (MPAW) is carried out on AISI 321 austenitic stainless steel of 0.3 mm thick. Peak current, Base current, Pulse rate and Pulse width are chosen as the input parameters and pitting corrosion rate of weldment in 3.5N NaCl solution is considered as output response. Pitting corrosion rate is computed using Linear Polarization method from Tafel plots. Response Surface Method (RSM) is adopted by using Box-Behnken Design and total 27 experiments are performed. Empirical relation between input and output response is developed using statistical software and its adequacy is checked using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at 95% confidence level. The main effect and interaction effect of input parameters on output response are also studied

CRITICAL REVIEW ON DESIGN OF ROLLING PROCESS

Rolling is one of the important forming processes used in steel industry. During rolling process because of overdraft and poor die design, cracks and breakage of rolls takes place, leading to shutdown of rolling mill. There is a need for proper deign of rolling dies based on work piece material. In the present paper design methodologies followed by various researchers are presented. Review on works related to Finite Element Analysis (FEA) methods and material selection is carried out and presented.

Design and Analysis of Helical Gear with Involute Profile

On this study helical riggings can be utilized to transmit wide vitality between two parallel shafts. However in goad readies the engagement between two cross stage teeth is shocking line contact over entire face width which result in time of change and greater part stack. In helical riggings the engagement between two pass area teeth begins with variable contact and directed raises corner to niche close by the mechanical meeting tooth floor, acknowledging calm operation. Subsequently as a rule goad mechanical gatherings are utilized for low pace force transmission and helical riggings are loved for fast. So over the top torques can likewise be transmitted by method for the helical mechanical meeting, and the brilliant format is done by utilizing uneasiness examination.In this study a helical gear designed in the Pro-E and the analysis is done in the ANSYS software. This study includes a Finite Elemental Method (FEM) structural analysis which studies the generation of the principal stresses, Von Mises stresses, and Shear stress, Principal strains on the application of the high intensity of the pressure on the gear tooth face which tends to deform and also to fail the gear. The ultimate strength and the optimum designed load through conventional calculations for the helical gear is tested by checking the maximum and minimum stress, strain generation in the respective axis and planes for the loading of the gear.

Fatigue Analysis of Friction Welded Stringer Panel of an Aircraft Wing

Welding is a wide range multistate perpetual attaching technique for manufacture. Universally welding innovation has various applications. The present venture manages the computation of the weakness life of the grating welded stringer board. The stringer board is a gadget utilized for supporting the upper and the lower skin of the flying machine wing. The equal hassles and life cycles are ascertained hypothetically alluding to numerous diaries, the hypothetical inputs are given to the investigation programming ANSYS Workbench i.e.; heat flux, temperature, and pace of revolution of the contact mix device. The resultant proportionate anxiety and the aggregate disfigurement. Aside from that the life cycles are additionally created. The hypothetical estimations of anxiety and exhaustion life are processed. The best welding conditions are anticipated by appropriate examination in the investigation programming ANSYS Work seat by giving reasonable working conditions as inputs.

A priori identifiability of unsaturated soil parameters

A priori identifiability (i.e., identifiability under perfect data) is a necessary condition for posteriori identifiability (i.e., identifiability under real data), and by implication a priori nonidentifiability is a sufficient condition for posteriori nonidentifiability. Therefore, it is important to prove a priori identifiability before attempting to estimate model parameters through nonlinear regression with real noisy data. This paper investigates the a priori (also called classical, structural, or deterministic) identifiability of soil parameters using Richards's equation with perfect distributed pressure data and prescribed initial and boundary conditions. The study of a priori identifiability is made possible through the concept of linear independence of vectors. As expected, it is shown that the unsaturated soil parameters are not a priori identifiable, and thus not posteriori identifiable, with either zero flow pressure data or steady-state flow pressure data. In addition, it is shown that models with more than two parameters are not a priori identifiable with transient pressure data. Therefore, models with more than two parameters are not posteriori identifiable with real pressure data regardless of the quantity and quality of this data. However, it is found that two parameter models are a priori identifiable with transient pressure data. Hence, the necessary condition for the posteriori identifiability of two parameter models is proven

Inverse problem for transient unsaturated flow - Identifiability and non uniqueness

In the present study, the identifiability and non uniqueness of soil hydraulic properties in unsaturated flow systems are discussed. Necessary and sufficient conditions for identifiability are derived. A parameter estimation algorithm is developed by combining the Adjoint State Theory with Conjugate Gradient Method and Levenberg-Marquardt method. These two methods are compared through few numerical examples. It is shown that Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm is superior to Conjugate Gradient Method. However, Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm also fails to converge to the global minimum when the initial guess parameters are far from the true values